颞下颌关节盘前移位和穿孔的关节内窥镜研究

作者:龙星 李金荣 汪传铎 何三纲  文章来源:口腔医学纵横 

2006-6-23 17:40:46         【博客】 【论坛】 【投稿】 【打印】 【关闭

  摘要 目的:探讨颞下颌关节内窥镜下颞下颌关节盘移位和关节盘穿孔的病理改变特征。方法:76例84侧临床诊断为颞下颌关节盘前移位以及关节盘穿孔的病例进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。结果:可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎,关节腔内有絮状物,关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复性关节结节表面纤维形成,关节软骨软化,软骨剥脱,同时伴有纤维粘连。关节盘穿孔大多数位于双板区与后带。关节盘穿孔出现滑膜增生,关节窝及关节结节表面纤维形成,软骨剥脱甚至骨质暴露。结论:关节内窥镜检查可诊断关节盘前移位与关节盘穿孔,并能发现病理性改变,如滑膜炎,滑膜增生,纤维变性,软骨软化,关节内粘连等。在不可复性盘前移位病例中发现关节退行性改变,关节盘穿孔为严重的骨关节病。

  镜检查 病理性改变

  中图分类号 R782.6

The arthroscopic study in the patients with disc

  displacement and perforation of TMJ.

Long Xing, Li Jinrong, Wang Chuanduo, et al.

  School of Stomatology, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan. 430079

   Abstract Objective:To evaluate the pathologic changes in the patients of anterior disc displacement (ADD) and perforation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Methods:Arthroscopic examination was performed in 76 patients (84 joints) with anterior disc displacement and perforation of temporomandibular joint.Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction. Most perforated cases were located in the bilaminar and post band of disc and there were synovial hyperplasia, fibrillation, fibrocartilage rupture,and bone exposure.Conclusions:Arthroscopic examination is useful in diagnosing the anterior disc displacement and perforation of temporomandibular joint and in finding the pathologic changes including synovitis,synovial hyperplasia,fibrillation, chondromalacia and adhision. There were degenerative changes in the joints of ADD without reduction and osteoarthrosis th the joints of perforation.

   Key words temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement perforation arthroscopic examination pathologic change

  近年来,随着影像学的发展,关节造影,CT以及MRI在颞下颌关节疾病中的应用,使颞下颌关节盘移位和穿孔的诊断有了很大的进步。而颞下颌关节内窥镜的开发与应用,比前者更具有直观性、定位准确性以及对微细结构改变诊断能力大大提高。本文对颞下颌关节盘前移位与穿孔的患者进行了关节内窥镜检查,探讨关节内窥镜下的病理改变特征。

  材料与方法

  一、病例来源

  湖北医科大学口腔医学院颞下颌关节专科门诊就诊的76例颞下颌关节病患者。经临床,X线以及关节造影诊断为颞下颌关节盘前移位以及关节盘穿孔。以上病例均进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。

  二、临床检查

  76例颞下颌关节病患者中,男性21例,女性55例,年龄17~60岁,平均年龄37.6岁。可复性关节盘前移位8侧,不可复性关节盘前移位36侧,关节盘穿孔40侧,其中有8例为双侧,共计84侧。所有患者均存在不同程度的关节疼痛以及下颌功能障碍。

  三、关节内窥镜检查

  关节内窥镜设备: Karl Storz 内窥镜系统 (西德产) , 包括 Hopdin 氏0°角前直视镜和30°广角前斜视镜 ,直径为1.9mm。外套管以及锐性和钝性穿刺针。冷光源、照像与录像系统等。检查方法:84侧关节上腔进行了检查。患者平卧,头偏向被检查的对侧,局部麻醉或经鼻腔插管全身麻醉。耳前区消毒铺巾。用5号针头经耳屏前1cm刺入关节上腔,注入局麻药(2%procaine)或生理盐水2~3ml,使关节腔扩张。在穿刺点处作2mm长的纵形切口,将带有外套管的穿刺针插入关节上腔。在穿刺点前0.5cm处插入21号针头,建立引流。按解剖部位从后向前,由内到外分区检查关节上腔内表面结构,并进行动态观察[1]。

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责任编辑:韩晓炜  

上篇文章:颞下颌关节纤维性强直保守治疗的临床研究
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