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与其它研究比较,本研究中,多点阻塞发生较少,未发现阻塞者的比例较大(参见表5),与 任小波等[3]研究接近,却与国外研究差异较大[2,6],这可能与种族有 关,也可能多点阻塞更多地存在于病情更严重,体重更大的患者群中。 本研究发现,阻塞多发生在口咽,特别是口咽上部软腭后方的气道部位,1例发生在喉咽, 无鼻咽发生阻塞。这与多数研究一致[3,5],但有少数研究发现鼻咽阻塞,见表5 。本文阻塞位点在腭平面下22.89mm±7.42mm处,与Ryan[9]的硬腭下8mm ~16mm,Shepard[10]的10mm或10mm~20mm的出入,可能在于对腭平面的选择差异 。
表5 OSAS上气道阻塞点的发生及位置
| |
未发现阻塞 |
第一阻塞点 |
第二阻塞点 |
| 鼻咽 |
口咽上部 |
口咽下部 |
喉咽 |
鼻咽 |
口咽上部 |
口咽 下部 |
喉咽 |
| Haponik(20例) |
4 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
9 |
0 |
6 |
| 任小波(33例) |
5 |
0 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
4 |
1 |
| Lowe(25例) |
0 |
1 |
17 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
6 |
| Suratt(6例) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Stein(8例) |
0 |
0 |
6 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
| 本研究(23例) |
7 |
0 |
12 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
本文阻塞段一般长度为8mm±5.43mm,无相关资料可比较。Ste in[4]夜间透视时发现阻塞有自头向尾延伸的特点,最长可延伸40mm以上,作者推 测阻塞段的长度与OSAS的严重度可能相关,尚待进一步研究。 卫生部科研基金资助项目(96-1-286) 作者单位:高雪梅(北京医科大学口腔医学院 100081) 曾祥龙(北京医科大学口腔医学院 100081) 傅民魁(北京医科大学口腔医学院 100081) 黄席珍(北京协和医院)
参 考 文 献
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